List of Antibiotics
- New Antibiotics
- Penicillins
- Cephalosporins
- Carbapenems
- Macrolides
- Aminoglycosides
- Quinolones (Fluoroquinolones)
- Sulfonamides
- Tetracyclines
- Other Antibiotics
Based on "Antibiotic and Chemotherapy"
written by Roger G. Finch
Up-to-date comprehensive list of antibiotics by classes with generic and most common trade names.
New Antibiotics
| Class | Generic/Brand |
|---|---|
| Lipopeptides | Daptomycin (Cubicin®), 2003 |
| Fluoroquinolone | Delafloxacin (Baxdela®), 2017 |
| Lipoglycopeptides | Telavancin (Vibativ®), 2009 |
| Cephalosporin (5th generation) |
Ceftaroline (Teflaro®), 2010 |
| Macrocyclics | Fidaxomicin (Dificid®), 2011 |
ß-Lactam Antibiotics
Beta-lactam class of antibiotics includes penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems, all of which contain a β-lactam ring.
Penicillins
Antibiotics of the penicillin class are bactericidal and work by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Penicillins are among the safest antibiotics.
Major health concerns: hypersensitivity reactions.
| Generic | Brand Name |
|---|---|
| Amoxicillin | Amoxil, Polymox, Trimox, Wymox |
| Ampicillin | Omnipen, Polycillin, Polycillin-N, Principen, Totacillin |
| Bacampicillin | Spectrobid |
| Carbenicillin | Geocillin, Geopen |
| Cloxacillin | Cloxapen |
| Dicloxacillin | Dynapen, Dycill, Pathocil |
| Flucloxacillin | Flopen, Floxapen, Staphcillin |
| Mezlocillin | Mezlin |
| Nafcillin | Nafcil, Nallpen, Unipen |
| Oxacillin | Bactocill, Prostaphlin |
| Penicillin G | Bicillin L-A, Crysticillin 300 A.S., Pentids, Permapen, Pfizerpen, Pfizerpen-AS, Wycillin |
| Penicillin V | Beepen-VK, Betapen-VK, Ledercillin VK, V-Cillin K |
| Piperacillin | Pipracil |
| Pivampicillin | |
| Pivmecillinam | |
| Ticarcillin | Ticar |
Cephalosporins
Cephalosporins are mainly bactericidal and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. Besides true cephalosporins (which are derived from cephalosporin C) this class includes oxacephems and carbacephems.
Major health concerns: platelet function abnormalities (rare).
| Generic | Brand Name |
|---|---|
| First Generation | |
| Cefacetrile (cephacetrile) | Celospor, Celtol, Cristacef |
| Cefadroxil (cefadroxyl) | Duricef, Ultracef |
| Cefalexin (cephalexin) | Keflex, Keftab |
| Cefaloglycin (cephaloglycin) | Kefglycin |
| Cefalonium (cephalonium) | |
| Cefaloridine (cephaloradine) | |
| Cefalotin (cephalothin) | Keflin |
| Cefapirin (cephapirin) | Cefadyl |
| Cefatrizine | |
| Cefazaflur | |
| Cefazedone | |
| Cefazolin (cephazolin) | Ancef, Kefzol |
| Cefradine (cephradine) | Velosef |
| Cefroxadine | |
| Ceftezole | |
| Second Generation | |
| Cefaclor | Ceclor, Ceclor CD, Distaclor, Keflor, Ranicor |
| Cefamandole | Mandol |
| Cefmetazole | |
| Cefonicid | Monocid |
| Cefotetan | Cefotan |
| Cefoxitin | Mefoxin |
| Cefprozil (cefproxil) | Cefzil |
| Cefuroxime | Ceftin, Kefurox, Zinacef, Zinnat |
| Cefuzonam | |
| Third Generation | |
| Cefcapene | |
| Cefdaloxime | |
| Cefdinir | Omnicef, Cefdiel |
| Cefditoren | Spectracef |
| Cefetamet | |
| Cefixime | Suprax |
| Cefmenoxime | Cefmax |
| Cefodizime | |
| Cefotaxime | Claforan |
| Cefpimizole | |
| Cefpodoxime | Vantin |
| Cefteram | |
| Ceftibuten | Cedax |
| Ceftiofur | Excede |
| Ceftiolene | |
| Ceftizoxime | Cefizox |
| Ceftriaxone | Rocephin |
| Cefoperazone | Cefobid |
| Ceftazidime | Ceptaz, Fortum, Fortaz, Tazicef, Tazidime |
| Fourth Generation | |
| Cefclidine | |
| Cefepime | Maxipime |
| Cefluprenam | |
| Cefoselis | |
| Cefozopran | |
| Cefpirome | Cefrom |
| Cefquinome | |
| Fifth Generation | |
| Ceftobiprole | Zeftera |
| Ceftaroline | Teflaro |
| Not Classified | |
| Cefaclomezine | |
| Cefaloram | |
| Cefaparole | |
| Cefcanel | |
| Cefedrolor | |
| Cefempidone | |
| Cefetrizole | |
| Cefivitril | |
| Cefmatilen | |
| Cefmepidium | |
| Cefovecin | |
| Cefoxazole | |
| Cefrotil | |
| Cefsumide | |
| Cefuracetime | |
| Ceftioxide | |
| Combinations | |
| Ceftazidime/Avibactam | Avycaz |
| Ceftolozane/Tazobactam | Zerbaxa |
Monobactams
| Generic | Brand Name |
|---|---|
| Aztreonam | Azactam, Cayston |
Carbapenems
Carbapenems have incredibly broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Today these agents are among the most powerful antibiotics.
| Generic | Brand Name |
|---|---|
| Imipenem, Imipenem/cilastatin |
Primaxin |
| Doripenem | Doribax |
| Ertapenem | Invanz |
| Meropenem | Merrem |
| Meropenem/vaborbactam | Vabomere® |
Macrolide Antibiotics
Macrolides are bacteriostatic drugs that inhibit protein synthesis by targeting the 50S subunit.
Major health concerns: erythromycin estolate is hepatotoxic.
| Generic | Brand Name |
|---|---|
| Azithromycin | Zithromax |
| Erythromycin | |
| Clarithromycin | Biaxin |
| Dirithromycin | Dynabac |
| Roxithromycin | Rulid, Surlid |
| Ketolides | |
| Telithromycin | Ketek |
Lincosamides
| Generic | Brand Name |
|---|---|
| Clindamycin | Cleocin |
| Lincomycin | Lincocin |
Streptogramins
| Generic | Brand Name |
|---|---|
| Pristinamycin | Pyostacine |
| Quinupristin/dalfopristin | Synercid |
Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
Aminoglycosides are rapidly bactericidal antibiotics which inhibit protein synthesis. These agents mainly interfere with proofreading process. Aminoglycosides are the only bactericidal class among protein synthesis inhibitors.
Major health concerns: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity.
| Generic | Brand Name |
|---|---|
| Amikacin | Amikin |
| Gentamicin | Garamycin, G-Mycin, Jenamicin |
| Kanamycin | Kantrex |
| Neomycin | Mycifradin, Myciguent |
| Netilmicin | Netromycin |
| Paromomycin | |
| Streptomycin | |
| Tobramycin | Nebcin |
Quinolone Antibiotics
Fluoroquinolones directly inhibit the bacterial nucleic acid synthesis.
Major health concerns: QTc prolongation and/or torsade de pointes, tendonitis, tendon rupture, joint arthropathies.
| Generic | Brand Name |
|---|---|
| First Generation | |
| Flumequine | Flubactin |
| Nalidixic acid | NegGam, Wintomylon |
| Oxolinic acid | Uroxin |
| Piromidic acid | Panacid |
| Pipemidic acid | Dolcol |
| Rosoxacin | Eradacil |
| Second Generation | |
| Ciprofloxacin | Cipro, Cipro XR, Ciprobay, Ciproxin |
| Enoxacin | Enroxil, Penetrex |
| Lomefloxacin | Maxaquin |
| Nadifloxacin | Acuatim, Nadoxin, Nadixa |
| Norfloxacin | Lexinor, Noroxin, Quinabic, Janacin |
| Ofloxacin | Floxin, Oxaldin, Tarivid |
| Pefloxacin | Peflacine |
| Rufloxacin | Uroflox |
| Third Generation | |
| Balofloxacin | Baloxin |
| Gatifloxacin | Tequin, Zymar |
| Grepafloxacin | Raxar |
| Levofloxacin | Cravit, Levaquin |
| Moxifloxacin | Avelox, Vigamox |
| Pazufloxacin | Pasil, Pazucross |
| Sparfloxacin | Zagam |
| Temafloxacin | Omniflox |
| Tosufloxacin | Ozex, Tosacin |
| Fourth Generation | |
| Besifloxacin | Besivance |
| Delafloxacin | Baxdela® |
| Clinafloxacin | |
| Gemifloxacin | Factive |
| Prulifloxacin | Quisnon |
| Sitafloxacin | Gracevit |
| Trovafloxacin | Trovan |
Sulfonamides
Sulfonamides act by inhibiting the pathway that bacteria use to synthesize folic acid. Sulfonamides with trimethoprim produce synergistic antibacterial activity.
Major health concerns: hypersensitivity reactions, renal damage, crystal nephropathy.
| Generic | Brand Name |
|---|---|
| Sulfamethizole | Thiosulfil Forte |
| Sulfamethoxazole | Gantanol, Urobak |
| Sulfisoxazole | Gantrisin |
| Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole | Bactrim, Bactrim DS, Cotrim, Cotrim DS, Septra, Septra DS, Sulfatrim, Sulfatrim-DS |
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Tetracyclines are protein synthesis inhibitors primary targeting the 30S ribosome. They are essentially bacteriostatic.
Major health concerns: photosensitivity, deposition in developing bones and teeth.
| Generic | Brand Name |
|---|---|
| Demeclocycline | Declomycin |
| Doxycycline | Doryx, Vibramycin |
| Minocycline | Dynacin, Minocin, Monodox |
| Oxytetracycline | Terramycin |
| Tetracycline | Achromycin |
| Glycylcyclines | |
| Tigecycline | Tygacil |
Other Antibiotics
| Generic | Brand Name |
|---|---|
| Chloramphenicol | Chloromycetin |
| Metronidazole | Flagyl, Helidac, Metizol, Metric 21, Neo-Metric, Noritate, Novonidazol |
| Tinidazole | Tindamax |
| Nitrofurantoin | Furadantin, Macrobid, Macrodantin |
| Glycopeptides | |
| Vancomycin | Vancocin |
| Teicoplanin | Targocid |
| Lipoglycopeptides | |
| Telavancin | Vibativ |
| Oxazolidinones | |
| Linezolid | Zyvox |
| Cycloserine 2 | Seromycin |
| Rifamycins | |
| Rifampin | Rifadin |
| Rifabutin | Mycobutin |
| Rifapentine | Priftin |
| Rifalazil | |
| Polypeptides | |
| Bacitracin | Baciguent |
| Polymyxin B | |
| Tuberactinomycins | |
| Viomycin | |
| Capreomycin | |
Resources
- 1. New FDA Approved Drugs CenterWatch
- 2. Cycloserine LiverTox.nih.gov
Last updated: August, 2018
