Gout, Hyperuricemia Side Effect
Gout is an inflammatory arthritis resulting from the deposition of monosodium urate crystals from extracellular fluids saturated with urate, the product of human purine metabolism.
Hyperuricemia is a serum urate concentration exceeding approximately 6.8 mg/dL and reflects the tissue urate saturation, the central biochemical precursor for gout. Hyperuricemia results from impairment of renal uric acid excretion. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia is an initial stage of gout.
A number of medications can contribute to hyperuricemia and sometimes trigger gout by interfering with the renal tubular excretion of urate or by increasing the formation of uric acid2.
Loop and thiazide diuretics, salicylates, cyclosporin, antituberculosis medications have been associated with an increased uric acid levels.
List of drugs that induce or worsen hyperuricemia or precipitate acute gout:
Drug | Incidence |
---|---|
Abilify | Rare |
Aceon | 0.3% to 1% |
Aciphex | |
Adalat | < 1% |
Advicor | |
Ambien | Rare |
Aricept | Infrequent |
Asacol | |
Aspirin | aspirin dosages 75 mg/day have been shown to have an impact on serum urate levels1 |
Avalide | |
Avapro | < 1% |
Bextra | 0.1% to 1.9% |
Caduet | < 2% |
Campral | Infrequent |
Casodex | 2% to 5% |
CellCept | 3% to 20% |
Chlorthalidone (Thalitone®)3 | |
Clorpres | |
Copaxone | Infrequent |
Coreg | 1% to 3% |
Cozaar | < 1% |
Demadex | |
Diovan | > 0.2% |
Edecrin | |
Effexor | Rare |
Ethambutol | |
Evoxac | |
Exelon | Infrequent |
Furosemide (Lasix®) | |
Geodon | Rare |
Gleevec | Infrequent |
HIVID | < 1% |
Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide®, Esidrix®, Oretic®)3 | |
Hytrin | > 1% |
Hyzaar | |
Invanz | > 0.1% |
Klonopin | Infrequent |
Levaquin | 0.1% to 1% |
Lexapro | Infrequent |
Lipitor | < 2% |
Lofibra | |
Lotensin | 0.3% to 1% |
Lotrel | Infrequent |
Mavik | 0.3% to 1% |
Maxzide | |
Micardis | > 0.3% |
Mirapex | < 1% |
Moduretic | < 1% |
Niacin | |
Niaspan | |
Nipent | < 3% |
Norvir | < 2% |
PEG-Intron | < 1% |
Paxil | Rare |
Permax | Infrequent |
Plavix | 1% to 2.5% |
Pletal | < 2% |
Prevacid | < 1% |
Prevpac | < 1% |
Priftin | < 1% |
Prinivil | 0.3% to 1% |
Prinzide | |
Protonix | < 1% |
Prozac | Infrequent |
Pyrazinamide4 | inhibits renal tubular excretion of urate |
Requip | 1% or more |
Reyataz | < 3% |
Rifater | |
Rilutek | Infrequent |
Rythmol | |
Sandostatin | 1% to 4% |
Seroquel | Infrequent |
Sonata | Infrequent |
Sular | < 1% |
Symbyax | Rare |
Synercid | < 1% |
Tarka | Infrequent |
Teveten | < 1% |
Tiazac | 1% to 2% |
Timolide | |
Tricor | |
Uniretic | < 1% |
Vantin | < 1% |
Vaseretic | 0.5% to 2% |
Viagra | < 2% |
Zaroxolyn | |
Zoladex | 1% to 5% |
Zyprexa | Rare |
Risk factors
Factors that may precipitate gouty arthritis:
- Excess dietary purines (e.g. meat, seafood)
- High consumption of alcoholic beverages
- Very high consumption of fructose
- Obesity5 (particularly in older women)
- High levels of triglycerides (hypertriglyceridemia)5
- Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)
- Hypertension 5
- Early menopause
References
- 1. Caspi D, Lubart E, Graff E, Habot B, Yaron M, Segal R. The effect of mini-dose aspirin on renal function and uric acid handling in elderly patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2000 Jan;43(1):103-8. PubMed
- 2. Scott JT. Drug-induced gout. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol. 1991 Apr;5(1):39-60. PubMed
- 3. Wilson L, Nair KV, Saseen JJ. Comparison of new-onset gout in adults prescribed chlorthalidone vs. hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2014 Dec;16(12):864-8. PubMed
- 4. Solangi GA, Zuberi BF, Shaikh S, Shaikh WM. Pyrazinamide induced hyperuricemia in patients taking anti-tuberculous therapy. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2004 Mar;14(3):136-8. PubMed
- 5. Singh JA, Reddy SG, Kundukulam J. Risk factors for gout and prevention. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2011 Mar;23(2):192-202. PubMed
Published: August 16, 2016
Last updated: December 12, 2017